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To termites, any violation of their tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential breach, the soldiers usually bang their heads, apparently to entice different soldiers for defence and also to recruit additional employees to fix any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite bumps into other termites which induces them to become alerted and to leave pheromone trails to the distressed area, which is also a means to recruit additional workers.56.

The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae has a specialised caste of soldiers, known as nasutes, that possess the capability to exude noxious liquids through a horn-like frontal projection they use for defence.155 Nasutes have dropped their mandibles throughout the course of evolution and have to be fed by workers.59 A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids which nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to protect their nests.157.

Soldiers of the species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a huge gland just beneath the surface of their cuticles. The thick, yellowish fluid in the gland becomes very tacky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects which are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, additionally engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a block which denies entry to any outsider.161.

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Workers use a number of different strategies to take care of their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse altogether.162163164 To avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate conveys a corpse in the colony to dispose of it elsewhere.165 Which approach is utilized depends on the nature of the corpse a worker is dealing with (i.e.

A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These small brown chunks, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggsand in some circumstances the workers tend to these.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behavior exists between various species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This compound mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes allows the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Several species of ant have site here been known to capture termites to use as a fresh food source after on, rather than killing them. By way of instance, Formica nigra captures termites, and those who try to escape are immediately captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species go in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants like Megaponera analis assault the exterior of mounds and Dorylinae ants attack underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species visit here of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants live in Nasutitermes mounds is a result of the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographic range; another would be to protect themselves from flooding.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds although no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than the usual one) is known.116 In rare cases, certain species of termites live inside active ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and reside inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.

Mounds may also provide shelter and heat to birds, lizards, snakes and scorpions.56.

Termites are known to carry pollen and frequently see flowers,177 so are regarded as potential pollinators for any number of flowering plants.178 One flower in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is regularly pollinated by foraging employees, and it is perhaps the only Orchidaceae flower in the world to be pollinated by termites.177

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Many plants have grown effective defences against termites. But, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only grow when they have passed the seedling phase.179 Defence is typically achieved by secreting antifeedant chemicals into the woody cell walls.180 This reduces the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.

When kept close to the infusion, they become disoriented and eventually perish.181.

Termite populations can be substantially impacted by environmental changes including those caused by human intervention. A Brazilian research investigated the termite assemblages of three websites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites were present in the 3 sites, and 196 encounters were listed in the transects.